https://www.freedomcircle.com/ Changes to Freedom Circle pages, an extensive online reference on topics of freedom and liberty, human life and rational thought, and the economic, legal, political and other aspects conducive to freedom. en-us Creative Commons Attribution License, 2026, by Freedom Circle webmaster@freedomcircle.com Fri, 05 Jun 2026 18:09:06 GMT https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/america-latin https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/america-latin [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/banking https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/banking [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/block-walter https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/block-walter [UPDATED] in Writings: Open Letter to Barack Obama -- Explains why foreign policy is more important than economics or civil liberties when it comes to choosing between the major presidential candidates and offers some advice to then Senator (and candidate) Obama. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/cobden-richard https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/cobden-richard [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/economics https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/economics [UPDATED] in Articles: Open Letter to Barack Obama -- Explains why foreign policy is more important than economics or civil liberties when it comes to choosing between the major presidential candidates and offers some advice to then Senator (and candidate) Obama. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/flynn-john https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/flynn-john [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements [UPDATED] in Articles: Open Letter to Barack Obama -- Explains why foreign policy is more important than economics or civil liberties when it comes to choosing between the major presidential candidates and offers some advice to then Senator (and candidate) Obama.[UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/garrett-garet https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/garrett-garet [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/imperialism https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/imperialism [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/libertarian-party-us https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/libertarian-party-us [UPDATED] in Web Pages: Michael Badnarik - Libertarian -- Biographical summary, including photograph and quote, focusing on Badnarik's 2004 presidential campaign. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/liggio-leonard https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/liggio-leonard [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/militarism https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/militarism [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/obama-barack https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/obama-barack [UPDATED] in Articles: Open Letter to Barack Obama -- Explains why foreign policy is more important than economics or civil liberties when it comes to choosing between the major presidential candidates and offers some advice to then Senator (and candidate) Obama. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/orwell-george https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/orwell-george [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/rothbard-murray https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/rothbard-murray [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/say-jean-baptiste https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/say-jean-baptiste [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/schumpeter-joseph https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/schumpeter-joseph [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/smith-adam https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/smith-adam [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/stromberg-joseph-r https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/stromberg-joseph-r [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/sumner-william-graham https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/sumner-william-graham [UPDATED] in Articles: Non-Marxist Theories of Imperialism -- Examines writings of critics of imperialism that are not based on Marxist analysis. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/texas https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/texas [UPDATED] in Web Pages: Michael Badnarik - Libertarian -- Biographical summary, including photograph and quote, focusing on Badnarik's 2004 presidential campaign. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/voting https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/voting [UPDATED] in Web Pages: Michael Badnarik - Libertarian -- Biographical summary, including photograph and quote, focusing on Badnarik's 2004 presidential campaign. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements [UPDATED] in Articles: The Lethal Legacy of U.S. Foreign Intervention -- Presents examples of the deadly lasting effects of U.S. foreign intervention: continuing sectarian conflicts in Iraq and unexploded bombs in Laos.[UPDATED] in Articles: More U.S. Intervention in Libya? -- Discusses the situation in Libya in 2014, three years after Obama's "humanitarian intervention" that led to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the subsequent attack on the U.S. diplomatic compound in Benghazi. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/iraq https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/iraq [UPDATED] in Articles: The Lethal Legacy of U.S. Foreign Intervention -- Presents examples of the deadly lasting effects of U.S. foreign intervention: continuing sectarian conflicts in Iraq and unexploded bombs in Laos. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/iraq-war-2003 https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/iraq-war-2003 [UPDATED] in Articles: The Lethal Legacy of U.S. Foreign Intervention -- Presents examples of the deadly lasting effects of U.S. foreign intervention: continuing sectarian conflicts in Iraq and unexploded bombs in Laos. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/laos https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/laos [UPDATED] in Articles: The Lethal Legacy of U.S. Foreign Intervention -- Presents examples of the deadly lasting effects of U.S. foreign intervention: continuing sectarian conflicts in Iraq and unexploded bombs in Laos. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/libya https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/libya [UPDATED] in Articles: More U.S. Intervention in Libya? -- Discusses the situation in Libya in 2014, three years after Obama's "humanitarian intervention" that led to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the subsequent attack on the U.S. diplomatic compound in Benghazi. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/richman-sheldon https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/richman-sheldon [UPDATED] in Writings: The Lethal Legacy of U.S. Foreign Intervention -- Presents examples of the deadly lasting effects of U.S. foreign intervention: continuing sectarian conflicts in Iraq and unexploded bombs in Laos.[UPDATED] in Writings: More U.S. Intervention in Libya? -- Discusses the situation in Libya in 2014, three years after Obama's "humanitarian intervention" that led to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the subsequent attack on the U.S. diplomatic compound in Benghazi. https://www.freedomcircle.com/source/man-state-sins-legislators https://www.freedomcircle.com/source/man-state-sins-legislators https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/communism https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/communism [UPDATED] in Articles: A Lesson from Vietnam, Part 3 -- Relates key events in Vietnam mostly from the start of the Kennedy in 1961 to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, and a few concluding paragraphs on this three part series. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements [UPDATED] in Articles: A Lesson from Vietnam, Part 3 -- Relates key events in Vietnam mostly from the start of the Kennedy in 1961 to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, and a few concluding paragraphs on this three part series. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/jefferson-thomas https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/jefferson-thomas [UPDATED] in Videos: Thomas Jefferson -- Documentary on the life of Thomas Jefferson, broadcast over PBS stations, directed and produced by Ken Burns, narrated by Ossie Davis and with Sam Waterston as the voice of Jefferson. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/kennedy-john-f https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/kennedy-john-f [UPDATED] in Articles: A Lesson from Vietnam, Part 3 -- Relates key events in Vietnam mostly from the start of the Kennedy in 1961 to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, and a few concluding paragraphs on this three part series. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/mcelroy-wendy https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/mcelroy-wendy [UPDATED] in Writings: A Lesson from Vietnam, Part 3 -- Relates key events in Vietnam mostly from the start of the Kennedy in 1961 to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, and a few concluding paragraphs on this three part series. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/personal-responsibility https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/personal-responsibility [UPDATED] in Reviews: Criminal Justice? The Legal System vs. Individual Responsibility -- Review of the title book, edited by Robert James Bidinotto and published in 1995 by the Foundation for Economic Education. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/sobran-joseph https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/sobran-joseph [UPDATED] in Reviews authored: Criminal Justice? The Legal System vs. Individual Responsibility -- Review of the title book, edited by Robert James Bidinotto and published in 1995 by the Foundation for Economic Education. https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/society https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/society [UPDATED] in Reviews: Criminal Justice? The Legal System vs. Individual Responsibility -- Review of the title book, edited by Robert James Bidinotto and published in 1995 by the Foundation for Economic Education. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/vietnam https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/vietnam [UPDATED] in Articles: A Lesson from Vietnam, Part 3 -- Relates key events in Vietnam mostly from the start of the Kennedy in 1961 to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, and a few concluding paragraphs on this three part series. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/vietnam-war https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/vietnam-war [UPDATED] in Articles: A Lesson from Vietnam, Part 3 -- Relates key events in Vietnam mostly from the start of the Kennedy in 1961 to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964, and a few concluding paragraphs on this three part series. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/walter-dave https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/walter-dave [UPDATED] in Reviews: Criminal Justice? The Legal System vs. Individual Responsibility -- Review of the title book, edited by Robert James Bidinotto and published in 1995 by the Foundation for Economic Education. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/bush-george-h-w https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/bush-george-h-w [UPDATED] in Articles: Machiavelli and U.S. Politics, Part 3: Lies and Appearances -- Continues examination of Machiavelli's teachings, particularly his endorsement of lying, and comparison to recent U.S. presidential promises and actions. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/bush-george-w https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/bush-george-w [UPDATED] in Articles: Kerry's Entangling Alliances -- Cautions antiwar voters (particularly Iraq War opponents) on voting against Bush and for John Kerry, considering the possibilities of the latter waging a more "successful" (and "more efficient") war.[UPDATED] in Articles: Machiavelli and U.S. Politics, Part 3: Lies and Appearances -- Continues examination of Machiavelli's teachings, particularly his endorsement of lying, and comparison to recent U.S. presidential promises and actions. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/clinton-bill https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/clinton-bill [UPDATED] in Articles: Machiavelli and U.S. Politics, Part 3: Lies and Appearances -- Continues examination of Machiavelli's teachings, particularly his endorsement of lying, and comparison to recent U.S. presidential promises and actions. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements [UPDATED] in Articles: Kerry's Entangling Alliances -- Cautions antiwar voters (particularly Iraq War opponents) on voting against Bush and for John Kerry, considering the possibilities of the latter waging a more "successful" (and "more efficient") war.[UPDATED] in Articles: In Foreign Affairs, Not Doing Anything Is the Thing to Do -- Comments on the arrogance of those who believe the president of the United States should intervene in any crisis around the world. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/iraq-war-2003 https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/iraq-war-2003 [UPDATED] in Articles: Kerry's Entangling Alliances -- Cautions antiwar voters (particularly Iraq War opponents) on voting against Bush and for John Kerry, considering the possibilities of the latter waging a more "successful" (and "more efficient") war. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/law https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/law [UPDATED] in Articles: Machiavelli and U.S. Politics, Part 3: Lies and Appearances -- Continues examination of Machiavelli's teachings, particularly his endorsement of lying, and comparison to recent U.S. presidential promises and actions. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/politics https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/politics [UPDATED] in Articles: Machiavelli and U.S. Politics, Part 3: Lies and Appearances -- Continues examination of Machiavelli's teachings, particularly his endorsement of lying, and comparison to recent U.S. presidential promises and actions. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/president-us https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/president-us [UPDATED] in Articles: In Foreign Affairs, Not Doing Anything Is the Thing to Do -- Comments on the arrogance of those who believe the president of the United States should intervene in any crisis around the world. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/reagan-ronald https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/reagan-ronald [UPDATED] in Articles: Machiavelli and U.S. Politics, Part 3: Lies and Appearances -- Continues examination of Machiavelli's teachings, particularly his endorsement of lying, and comparison to recent U.S. presidential promises and actions. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/richman-sheldon https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/richman-sheldon [UPDATED] in Writings: In Foreign Affairs, Not Doing Anything Is the Thing to Do -- Comments on the arrogance of those who believe the president of the United States should intervene in any crisis around the world. https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/society https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/society [UPDATED] in Articles: In Foreign Affairs, Not Doing Anything Is the Thing to Do -- Comments on the arrogance of those who believe the president of the United States should intervene in any crisis around the world. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/united-states https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/united-states [UPDATED] in Articles: In Foreign Affairs, Not Doing Anything Is the Thing to Do -- Comments on the arrogance of those who believe the president of the United States should intervene in any crisis around the world. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/browne-harry https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/browne-harry [UPDATED] in Writings: A Forgotten Day & a Forgotten Country -- Reflections on the United States in 1886, when the Statue of Liberty was unveiled, and the current (2003) status. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/chile https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/chile [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/dialectics https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/dialectics [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/drug-war https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/drug-war [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/education-compulsory https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/education-compulsory [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/federal-reserve-system https://www.freedomcircle.com/group/federal-reserve-system [UPDATED] in Articles: A Forgotten Day & a Forgotten Country -- Reflections on the United States in 1886, when the Statue of Liberty was unveiled, and the current (2003) status. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/foreign-entanglements [UPDATED] in Articles: A Forgotten Day & a Forgotten Country -- Reflections on the United States in 1886, when the Statue of Liberty was unveiled, and the current (2003) status. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/friedman-milton https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/friedman-milton [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/government https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/government [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/health-care https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/health-care [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/kelley-david https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/kelley-david [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/liberty-statue https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/liberty-statue [UPDATED] in Articles: A Forgotten Day & a Forgotten Country -- Reflections on the United States in 1886, when the Statue of Liberty was unveiled, and the current (2003) status. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/market-economy https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/market-economy [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/nixon-richard https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/nixon-richard [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/no-free-lunch https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/no-free-lunch [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/objectivism https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/objectivism [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/rand-ayn https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/rand-ayn [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/reagan-ronald https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/reagan-ronald [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/rothbard-murray https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/rothbard-murray [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/russia https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/russia [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/sciabarra-chris-matthew https://www.freedomcircle.com/individual/sciabarra-chris-matthew [UPDATED] in Interviews: Interview with Chris Matthew Sciabarra -- Topics discussed include: Ayn Rand as a dialectical thinker, dialectics (context-keeping), Murray Rothbard, Russia, Mauritania, Rand's feminism, the future of Objectivism and Sciabarra's 2001 cyberseminar "Dialectics and Liberty". https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/socialism https://www.freedomcircle.com/topic/socialism [UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results. https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/united-states https://www.freedomcircle.com/place/united-states [UPDATED] in Articles: A Forgotten Day & a Forgotten Country -- Reflections on the United States in 1886, when the Statue of Liberty was unveiled, and the current (2003) status.[UPDATED] in Book chapters: The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise -- Adapted from keynote address at Fifth International Conference on Drug Policy Reform; examines why, 20 years after his admonition against the drug war, the government continues its attempts at enforcement, in spite of the predicted results.