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Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港, pinyin: Xiānggǎng) is a territory in southeast China, with a land area of approximately 1100 km², located in the eastern side of the Zhū Jiāng (珠江, Pearl River) estuary on the South China Sea.
In 1842, as part of the Treaty of Nánjīng ending the First Opium War, the Chinese Emperor ceded Hong Kong island to Great Britain. In 1860, another emperor ceded an additional small area in southern Kowloon. In 1898, the British leased the much larger area south of the Shēnzhèn Hé (深圳河, Sham Chun River) for 99 years. In July 1997, the Crown colony territory was returned to Chinese control, being ruled as a Special Administrative Region.
From 1970 until 2020, Hong Kong was ranked in first place in the Economic Freedom of the World report, dropping to second place in 2021.
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