Romania

Territory in southeast Europe, ruled since 1991 by the Statul Român

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Romania (Romanian: România) is a country located at the crossroads of central, eastern, and southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea to southeast, Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to southwest and Moldova to the east. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers, Romania is the 12th largest country and also the 7th most populous member state of the European Union, having almost 20 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest and other major urban areas include Iași, Timișoara, Cluj-Napoca and Constanța.

Geographical type: Territory

Latitude: 46° N — Longitude: 25° E

Area: 238,391 km²

ISO 3166-2 code: RO

Measures of Freedom

Economic Freedom Summary Index, Economic Freedom of the World, 25 Sep 2025
2023 overall score: 7.32, rank: 50

Human Freedom Index [PDF], The Human Freedom Index 2023: A Global Measurement of Personal, Civil, and Economic Freedom
2021: 7.90, Rank: 37, Personal freedom: 8.05, Economic freedom: 7.70

Romania: Country Profile, Freedom in the World, 2025
Status: Free, Aggregate Score: 82/100, Political Rights: 34/40, Civil Liberties: 48/60

Romania's multiparty system has ensured regular rotations of power through competitive elections. Civil liberties are generally respected but have come under growing pressure as entrenched political interests push back against civic and institutional efforts to combat systemic corruption. Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities and other vulnerable groups is a long-standing problem, as is control of key media outlets by businesspeople with political interests.

The introductory paragraph uses material from the Wikipedia article "Romania" as of 27 Sep 2018, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.