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Territory in northwest South America, ruled since 1991 by the República de Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia, is a country largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America. Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru. Its government claims to share maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. It is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and the Tairona.

Geographical type: Territory

Latitude: 4° N — Longitude: 72° W

Area: 1,141,748 km²

ISO 3166-2 code: CO

Measures of Freedom

Colombia: Country Profile, Freedom in the World, 2025
Status: Free, Aggregate Score: 70/100, Political Rights: 31/40, Civil Liberties: 39/60
Colombia is among the longest-standing democracies in Latin America, but one with a history of widespread violence and serious human rights abuses. Public institutions have demonstrated the capacity to check executive power, and the country’s main left-wing guerrilla group signed a peace accord in 2016. Nonetheless, Colombia faces enormous challenges in consolidating peace and guaranteeing political rights and civil liberties outside of major urban areas.
Economic Freedom Summary Index, Economic Freedom of the World, 25 Sep 2025
2023 overall score: 6.38, rank: 94
Human Freedom Index [PDF], The Human Freedom Index 2023: A Global Measurement of Personal, Civil, and Economic Freedom
2021: 6.54, Rank: 96, Personal freedom: 6.86, Economic freedom: 6.60

Articles

The Price of Empire, by Sheldon Richman, 26 Apr 2006
Discusses U.S government efforts to end coca production in some Andean countries by funding crop eradication programs, and the consequent increases in cultivation in neighboring countries
The [Washington] Post ... says, "But if Humala wins the decisive second-round election, to be held in May or early June, the United States' main ally in its eradication efforts—Colombia—will stand as a virtual island in the Andes, surrounded by countries with governments critical of Washington's policies. If continued breakdowns in cooperation occur in Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia or Ecuador, some U.S. officials say they fear that progress made to fight coca cultivation in Colombia could be undermined as production migrates across its borders."
Right and Simple, by Charley Reese, 30 Dec 2006
Discusses the proposition that "the right thing to do is both simple to state and simple to understand" in the context of the drug war and the political situation in Venezuela, Colombia and the United States
Colombia, now in its fourth decade of civil war, was unstable long before Hugo Chavez even graduated to long pants. We are most likely a contributor to Colombia's instability, because we are pouring money, arms and military advisers into the country ... How much more insane can it be for courts in this country to routinely give celebrities a slap on the wrist for possession and use of cocaine while the U.S. government encourages a murderous, billion-dollar war in Colombia against the drug cartels? ... Just remember that when it comes to drugs, the corruption is here in America, not in Colombia.

The introductory paragraph uses material from the Wikipedia article "Colombia" as of 19 Sep 2018, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.